Hydrometallurgical lead-acid battery

Recycling spent lead-acid batteries has always been a research hotspot. Although traditional pyrometallurgical smelting is still the dominant process, it has serious environmental drawbacks, such as t...

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Apr 28, 2026

A green recycling process of the spent lead paste from discarded lead

Ma Y, Qiu K (2015) Recovery of lead from lead paste in spent lead acid battery by hydrometallurgical desulfurization and vacuum thermal reduction. Waste Management 40: 151–156. Crossref. PubMed. ISI. Google Scholar. Pan J, Sun Y, Li W, et al. (2013) A green lead hydrometallurgical process based on a hydrogen-lead oxide fuel cell.

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Feb 05, 2026

The Recovery of Lead from Spent Lead Acid Battery Paste by

Hydrometallurgical lead recycling involves acidic solution reduction and wet processing techniques to recover Pb salt in the lead paste . Conversely, a new family of liquids known as deep

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Feb 23, 2026

Green Chemistry RSCPublishing

Using lead citrate from hydrometallurgical leaching of lead paste as a precursor, electrochemically active carbon materials were produced as a new product with hierarchical open sponge-like porosity. lead acid battery paste, while simultaneously fixing lead in lead citrate crystals6. Lead citrate crystal is a versatile raw material

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Aug 15, 2025

Recovery of lead from lead paste in spent lead acid battery by

This paper reports a recovery of lead contained in spent lead acid battery using hydrometallurgical desulfurization and vacuum thermal reduction. The spent lead pastes are converting sulfur (PbSO 4) to soluble sulfates (Na 2 SO 4) by reacting with alkaline reagents Na 2 CO 3. As both of the conversion of lead sulfate into carbonate and the

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Feb 24, 2026

Lead Acid Battery Recycling

In fact, the lead acid battery industry recycled >99% of the available lead scrap from spent lead acid batteries from 1999 to 2003, according to a report issued by the Battery Council International (BCI) in June 2005, ranking the lead recycling rate higher than that of any other recyclable material [Gabby, 2006]. However, emerging technologies such as lithium ion batteries, nickel

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Jun 23, 2026

A green recycling process of the spent lead paste from discarded lead

In this study, a green recycling process of discarded lead–acid battery paste, which could avoid both the smelting and electro-winning route has been developed. A green recycling process of the spent lead paste from discarded lead–acid battery by a hydrometallurgical process Show all authors. Xinfeng Zhu 1 # Xinfeng Zhu . Department of

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Dec 09, 2025

The Recovery of Lead from Spent Lead Acid Battery Paste by

The recovery of lead from spent lead acid battery paste (SLP) is not only related to the sustainable development of the lead industry, but also to the sustainable evolution environment. Pan JQ, Sun YZ, Li W, Knight J, Manthiram A (2013) A green lead hydrometallurgical process based on a hydrogen-lead oxide fuel cell. Nat Commun 4:2178

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Dec 10, 2025

Recovery of Lead Metal from Lead Acid Battery by

Abstract—This work aims at recovering lead metal from used lead acid batteries, by the hydrometallurgical method. The treatment of used batteries for recovering lead is important

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May 10, 2026

Hydrometallurgical recovery of lead from spent lead-acid battery

This study presents a clean process for recycling spent lead-acid battery paste. The lead in paste was recovered via hydrometallurgical leaching and electrowinning in chloride solution. The

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Oct 17, 2025

Recovery of lead from lead paste in spent lead acid battery by

Download Citation | Recovery of lead from lead paste in spent lead acid battery by hydrometallurgical desulfurization and vacuum thermal reduction | Lead sulfate, lead oxides and lead metal are

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Apr 14, 2026

Lead recovery from spent lead acid battery paste by

In this study, a novel approach involving hydrometallurgical desulphurisation and thermal degradation is developed to recover lead as PbO products from spent lead acid batteries. First,

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Sep 25, 2025

Leaching properties of lead paste in spent lead-acid battery with a

Background Lead citrate is an attractive precursor in the preparation of ultrafine leady oxide from the paste in spent lead-acid battery through a novel hydrometallurgical process, since the

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Nov 16, 2025

Emerging Electrochemical Techniques for Recycling Spent Lead

Spent lead paste (SLP) obtained from end-of-life lead-acid batteries is regarded as an essential secondary lead resource. Recycling lead from spent lead-acid batteries has been demonstrated to be of paramount significance for both economic expansion and environmental preservation. Pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical approaches are proposed to recover

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Feb 23, 2026

Pyrometallurgical Processing of Secondary Lead Material: An

Lead from spent batteries can be recovered via pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical routes. The most common route worldwide for lead recovery from secondary materials is pyrometallurgy. Millotte D (2005) The Interests of a tilting rotary furnave in the industry for lead/acid battery recycling. s.l.: B.J. Industries. Google Scholar

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Jul 11, 2025

Emerging Electrochemical Techniques for Recycling Spent Lead

Spent lead paste (SLP) obtained from end-of-life lead-acid batteries is regarded as an essential secondary lead resource. Recycling lead from spent lead-acid batteries has

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Feb 18, 2026

Lead acid battery recycling for the twenty-first century

used lead-acid battery recycling: 2 000 000–4 800 000: 2: mining and ore processing: 450 000–2 600 000: 3: lead smelting: 1 000 000–2 500 000: 4: In hydrometallurgical lead recycling, the reduction of the salts in lead paste occurs though a solution-based methodology.

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Apr 14, 2026

Novel Lead Battery Recycling Process Combining

Lead acid batteries are processed mainly by using pyrometallurgical operations with problems related to SO2 evolution. Many efforts have been devoted to solving this concern. In this work, where only the anode preparation was a pyrometallurgical process, this problem has been overcome by limiting the process temperature. Several tests have been carried out in

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May 27, 2026

Progress in Waste Lead Paste Recycling Technology from Spent Lead–Acid

This non-standard recycling method results in relatively high lead exposure in China (Ye and Wong, 2006). This will not only contaminates the surrounding water and soil (Nodeh et al., 2023; Jie et

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Jan 26, 2026

Hydrometallurgical recovery of lead from spent lead-acid battery

Recycling spent lead-acid batteries has always been a research hotspot. Although traditional pyrometallurgical smelting is still the dominant process, it has serious environmental drawbacks, such as the emission of lead dust and SO 2, and high energy consumption.This study presents a clean process for recycling spent lead-acid battery paste.

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Dec 27, 2025

US4769116A

The invention relates to a hydrometallurgical process for the overall recovery of the components of exhausted lead-acid batteries, in a re-useable form, said components being mainly constituted by such materials as polypropylene, ebanite, PVC; by paste comprising lead sulphatized compounds; and by pure or alloyed metal lead, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: (a)

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Dec 03, 2025

A green lead hydrometallurgical process based on a

Nature Communications - Lead-acid batteries are used worldwide, but their recycling remains challenging because of lead pollution and high energy consumption. Pan et al. solve these problems in...

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Sep 20, 2025

Recovery of lead from lead paste in spent lead acid battery by

DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.03.010 Corpus ID: 19616211; Recovery of lead from lead paste in spent lead acid battery by hydrometallurgical desulfurization and vacuum thermal reduction.

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Apr 08, 2026

Review on clean recovery of discarded/spent lead-acid battery

A hydrometallurgical recovery route can eliminate the smelting procedure for lead ingot production and the following steps of Ball-milling or Barton liquid lead atomizing for leady oxide production in conventional lead mass flow

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Feb 04, 2026

Role of Iron Impurity in Hydrometallurgical Recovery Process of

Recently, many hydrometallurgical alternative routes for the re-covery of spent lead-acid battery (LAB) paste have been developed due to the high energy consumption and sulfur oxides emission of the traditional pyrometallurgical recycling method.1 Owing to the high content of impurities including iron oxides, barium sulfate, etc. in the

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Nov 29, 2025

Lead recovery from spent lead acid battery paste by hydrometallurgical

Zhu XF, Zhang W, Zhang LY, et al. (2019) A green recycling process of the spent lead paste from discarded lead–acid battery by a hydrometallurgical process. Waste Management & Research 37: 508–515. Crossref. PubMed. ISI. Google Scholar. Cite article Cite article. Cite article COPY CITATION OR. Download to reference manager

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Apr 05, 2026

Lead recovery from spent lead acid battery paste by hydrometallurgical

In this study, a novel approach involving hydrometallurgical desulphurisation and thermal degradation is developed to recover lead as PbO products from spent lead acid batteries. First, the desulphurisation effects and phase compositions of products with different transforming agents were compared, and the optimum conditions using (NH 4 ) 2 CO

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Jun 01, 2026

A Review on Recycling of Waste Lead-Acid Batteries

Liu W. et al 2020 Lead recovery from spent lead acid battery paste by hydrometallurgical conversion and thermal degradation. Waste Management & Research 38 263-270. Google Scholar Hu Y.J et al 2015 Reductive smelting of spent lead-acid battery colloid sludge in a molten Na2CO3 salt. International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and

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Aug 06, 2025

Hydrometallurgical recovery of lead from spent lead-acid battery

DOI: 10.1016/J.HYDROMET.2019.105134 Corpus ID: 202035435; Hydrometallurgical recovery of lead from spent lead-acid battery paste via leaching and electrowinning in chloride solution

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May 21, 2026

Progress in Waste Lead Paste Recycling Technology from Spent Lead–Acid

Considering the extremely dispersed lead–acid battery industry in China, hydrometallurgical technology is a good choice for small- and medium-sized recycling enterprises. In recent years, battery material preparation based on the short-process conversion of waste lead paste has become a research hotspot.

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Dec 30, 2025

A green recycling process of the spent lead paste from discarded lead

Lead citrate was Pb3(C6H5O7)2·3H2O in a column-shaped morphology with a length of 20–50 µm and a diameter of 10–50 µm. This study contributes to the application of the new green hydrometallurgical process of recovery from a spent acid battery of lead–acid battery paste.

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Aug 19, 2025

Lead recovery from spent lead acid battery paste by hydrometallurgical

A green recycling process of the spent lead paste from discarded lead–acid battery by a hydrometallurgical process. Jan 2019; 508-515; X F Zhu; W Zhang; Zhang; Ly;

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Aug 04, 2025

Recovery of lead from lead paste in spent lead acid battery by

This paper reports a recovery of lead contained in spent lead acid battery using hydrometallurgical desulfurization and vacuum thermal reduction. The spent lead pastes are

Guide
Apr 23, 2026

Leaching of spent lead acid battery paste components by sodium

In this paper, as shown in Process (II) in Fig. 1, acetic acid in conjunction with sodium citrate was used in the hydrometallurgical process for recovery of spent lead paste.Acetic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid and is a lower cost carboxylic acid in comparison with citric acid which has been suggested in previous studies , this process, spent lead paste

Guide
Dec 19, 2025

Review on clean recovery of discarded/spent lead-acid battery

Bibliometric analysis of recovery of spent lead-acid battery based on recent publications from 1987 to 2018 shows that the organic acid leaching-calcination process is the most frequently published technology in hydrometallurgical processes, meanwhile leady oxide and lead oxide are the most recovered products.

Guide
Sep 24, 2025

Revolutionary hydrometallurgical process for the regeneration of

(see figure 2) has been produced with the hydro-metallurgical Lead Oxide Regeneration technology proposed by STC. After several tests, it has been proved that the obtained batteries

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Mar 18, 2026

Revolutionary hydrometallurgical process for the regeneration of lead

Revolutionary hydrometallurgical process for the regeneration of lead oxide from exhausted lead acid batteries It is common knowledge that all traditional lead recycling processes contemplate smelting, which is a highly polluting, expensive and inefficient process. This is due to the use of furnaces which work at very high

6 Frequently Asked Questions about “Hydrometallurgical lead-acid battery”

What are the components of spent lead acid battery?

There are four main components in spent lead acid battery: polymeric containers, lead alloy grids, waste acids and pastes. Among them, the pastes mainly comprise lead oxide (∼9%), lead dioxide (∼28%), lead sulfate (∼60%) and a small amount of lead (∼3%) (Zhu et al., 2012a).

Can lead paste be recycled from spent lead acid battery under vacuum?

Conclusions A research investigation for recycling lead from lead paste in the spent lead acid battery under vacuum has been developed in this work.

Can pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgic methods be used to recover lead?

Recycling lead from spent lead-acid batteries has been demonstrated to be of paramount significance for both economic expansion and environmental preservation. Pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical approaches are proposed to recover metallic lead or lead oxide from SLP.

How are lead-acid batteries separated?

Usually, spent lead-acid batteries are separated in lead recycling plants by dismantling and sorting into four fractions: lead paste, metallic fragments, waste acid, and plastic case (Worrell and Reuter, 2014; Zhang et al., 2019). The processing of lead paste is relatively complex because it contains refractory lead sulphate.

Is spent lead acid battery a contaminant?

With the wide application of lead acid battery, spent lead acid battery has become a serious problem to environmental protection and human health. Though spent lead acid battery can be a contaminant if not handled properly, it is also an important resource.

Is there a recycling method for waste lead acid batteries?

A new atom-economical method for the recovery of wasted lead-acid batteries in the production of lead oxide, CN Patent, 201310084392.X (2013). Pan, J., Song, S., Sun, Y. & Niu, Y. A recycling method of waste lead acid batteries for the directly manufacturing of high purity lead oxide.

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